Le terme Bulgares (en bulgare : Българи, prononcé [ˈbəlɡari]) correspond à un peuple de langue slave des Balkans partageant une origine, une histoire, et une culture communes, vivant principalement en Bulgarie, mais avec des minorités dans les pays voisins et en Ukraine (région du Boudjak). Messali Hadj, Imache Amar, Si Djilani, and Belkacem Radjef rapidly built a strong following throughout France and Algeria in the 1930s. La Bulgarie est un pays situé dans le sud-est de l'Europe.Elle est bordée par la Roumanie au nord (608 km de frontière), la Serbie (318 km) et la Macédoine du Nord (148 km) à l'ouest, la Grèce (494 km) et la Turquie (240 km) au sud et la Mer Noire à l'est. [6][7][8][9] The Kabyle people resisted very fiercely, to the extent that even after the Arab conquest of North Africa they still had possession over their mountains. The area supported local dynasties (Numidia, Fatimids in the Kutama periods, Zirids, Hammadids, and Hafsids of Bejaïa) or Algerian modern nationalism, and the war of independence. In the months following April 2001 (called the Black Spring), major riots among the Kabyle took place following the killing of Masinissa Guermah, a young Kabyle, by gendarmes. Aït Ahmed and others considered the central government led by Ben Bella authoritarian, and on September 3, 1963 the FFS (Socialist Forces front) was created by Hocine Aït Ahmed. It is part of the Atlas Mountains and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean. Nupedia was first licensed under the Nupedia Open Content … Large populations of Kabyle people settled in France and, to a lesser extent, Canada (mainly Québec) and United States. Their diaspora has resulted in Kabyle people living in numerous countries. A Londres, à Berlin ou au Canada et un peu partout dans le monde, les kabyles s’affirment comme kabyles et même en Thaïlande. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. [10][11] In fact it was only until 1857 that Kabylia as a whole, was fully and entirely conquered and subdued. Undoubtedly the most mystical place that we recommend you to look at are the remains of the sanctuary of Zaychin vruch. [17][18] The origin of the Fatimids was in Little Kabylia and Ibn Khaldun also confirms that the Fatimids were originally peasants from Kabylia. Many of the Kabyles have emigrated from Algeria, influenced by factors such as the Algerian Civil War,[4] cultural repression by the central Algerian government,[5] and overall industrial decline. Since Algeria gained independence in 1962, tensions have arisen between Kabylie and the central government on several occasions. La majeure partie de sa frontière septentrionale avec la Roumanie est délimitée par le Danube jusqu'à Silistra. [27] The area was gradually taken over by the French during their colonization beginning in 1857, despite vigorous resistance. [36], The traditional economy of the area is based on arboriculture (orchards and olive trees) and on the craft industry (tapestry or pottery). Mountain and hill farming is gradually giving way to local industry (textile and agro-alimentary). Interlanguage links are sorted by that code. [22] When the Emirate of Sicily was split into separate taifas, Ayyub Ibn Tamim entered Sicily and united all of the taifas under his rule until he left the island. [21] During their reign they established their rule over the entire Maghreb and also established rule in parts of Andalusia. Its Incubator form was started in the year 2018 and became a complete Wikipedia in the … official recognition of Berber languages in Algeria, MAK (Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie), The Mouvement for the Self-determination of Kabylie, "Les Zwawa (Igawawen) d'Algérie centrale (essai onomastique et ethnographique)", "The Kabyle Berbers, AQIM and the search for peace in Algeria | Algeria | al Jazeera", http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a585705.pdf, Sketches of Algeria During the Kabyle War By Hugh Mulleneux Walmsley: Pg 118, The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 1: Pg 568, The Barbary Coast By Henry Martyn Field: Pg 93, Scottish Geographical Magazine, Volume 10; Volume 1894, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century, Volume 1: Pg 92, An Atlas of African History by J. D. Fage: Pg 11, Ibn Khaldun: The Birth of History and the Past of the Third World: Pg 67, The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3, Saladin, the Almohads and the Banū Ghāniya: The Contest for North Africa: Pg 42, Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen): Pg 55 & 56, Nomads and Crusaders, A.D. 1000-1368 By Archibald Ross Lewis, "AVANT PROJET DE REVISION DE LA CONSTITUTION", "Ebook LA KABYLIE ORIENTALE DANS L'HISTOIRE - Pays des Kutuma et guerre coloniale de Hosni Kitouni", https://www.euronews.com/2012/05/12/election-hit-by-irregularities-says-algerian-opposition-leader, https://www.algeriepatriotique.com/2020/09/29/mohcine-belabbes-si-le-tribunal-me-convoque-je-repondrai-present/, "Pour une histoire sociale du berbère en France", Provisional Government of Kabylie (ANAVAD), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabyle_people&oldid=1018193940, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2012, Articles with dead external links from February 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with Kabyle-language sources (kab), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Two political parties dominate in Kabylie and have their principal support base there: the, This page was last edited on 16 April 2021, at 18:28. The difficult mountainous landscape of the Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia provinces served as a refuge, to which most of the Kabyle people retreated when under pressure or occupation. Colonel fr:Mohand OuelhadjMohand Ouelhadj also took part in the FFS and in the maquis because he considered that the mujahideen were not treated as they should be. Approximately 400 deaths were counted amongst the maquis.[29]. L’origine des Kabyles. Just better. Le nombre de locuteurs est estimé à environ 3,5 millions en Kabylie et à environ 6 millions dans le monde, essentiellement à Alger et en France . Gratuit, indépendant, discussions, culture, histoire kabyle, musique, événements concerts, tamurt infos. The town later bore the names of Diospolis (Διὸς Πόλις), and Goloë (Γολόη). [1][9] It was proclaimed part of the 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria. 1.1. The Kabyle people (Kabyle: Iqvayliyen or Izwawen or Leqvayel, iqβæjlijən) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across … The Kabyle ethnic group speak Kabyle, a Berber language of the Afro-Asiatic family. [32] During the spread of Islam, Arabs controlled plains but not all the countryside (they were called el aadua: enemy by the Kabyle). senger en kabyle, sengen en allemand, sengen en hollandais, to singe en anglais. Quite the same Wikipedia. Yambol (Bulgarian: Ямбол) is a town in Southeastern Bulgaria and administrative centre of Yambol Province.It lies on both banks of the Tundzha river in the historical region of Thrace.It is occasionally spelled Jambol.. Yambol is the administrative center of two municipalities. As a consequence, the insurrection was a failure in 1965 because it was hugely repressed by the forces of the ALN, under Houari Boumédiène. In June and July 1998, they protested, in events that turned violent, after the assassination of singer Lounès Matoub and passage of a law requiring use of the Arabic language in all fields. The Kabyle people are mainly Muslim, with a small Christian minority. The Kabyle region is referred to as Al Qabayel ("tribes") by the Arabic-speaking population and as Kabylie in French. It was founded on 6 December 2003. Le site antique de Kabile en Bulgarie fut un sanctuaire Thrace avant de devenir une ville romaine. The Kabyles who during the rule of the Romans, Byzantines, Vandals, Ottomans and Carthaginians were one of the few peoples in North Africa who remained independent. Cabyle used to be one of the most important centers of south-eastern Thrace. Wikipedia Statistics Kabyle: ... No detailed statistics for anonymous users are available for this wiki (performance reasons) All together 6,121 article edits were made by anonymous users, out of a total of 45,103 article edits (14%) 50 bots, ordered by number of contributions Each Wikipedia has a code, which is used as a subdomain below wikipedia.org. 14 sources écrites de l'Antiquité mentionnent Kabilé, la première décrivant sa conquête par Philippe de Macédoine. La culture kabyle est une composante de la culture algérienne. It has become the second most important industrial region in the country after Algiers. abscissa (plural abscissas or abscissae or abscissæ) 1. [40][41] Some notable French people are of full or partial Kabyle descent. It was colonised by Philip with rebellious Macedonians. "Cabyle". The movement has three groups: those Kabyle who identify as part of a larger Berber nation (Berberists); those who identify as part of the Algerian nation (known as "Algerianists", some view Algeria as an essentially Berber nation); and those who consider the Kabyle to be a distinct nation separate from (but akin to) other Berber peoples (known as Kabylists). Its indigenous inhabitants call it Tamurt Idurar ("Land of Mountains") or Tamurt n Iqbayliyen/Tamurt n Iqbayliyen ("Land of the Kabyle"). Il s'agit de la deuxième langue berbère la plus parlée, après le chleuh (sud du Maroc). [35] Many Zawaya exist all over the region; the Rahmaniyya is the most prolific. découvrir la culture kabyle, sa cuisine, ses traditions, sa musique, ses habilles et toutes la beautés de cette culture vielle de 10000 ans After the independence of Algeria, some Kabyle activists tried to revive the Old Tifinagh alphabet. The codes represent the language codes defined by ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-3 , and the decision of which language code to use is usually determined by the IETF language tag policy. Its site is located near the modern city of Kabile, less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away from Yambol, south-eastern Bulgaria. But after Mohand Ouelhadj's defection, Aït Ahmed could barely sustain the movement and after the FLN congress on April 16, 1964 which reinforced the government's legitimacy, he was arrested in October 1964. [12][13][14][15][16], List of Empires/Dynasties created by the Kabyle people. Tenez-vous au courant de l'actualité kabyle. [3] In the 3rd century BC it was governed again by the Thracians. On the top of the plateau is situated a rocky acropolis, which was a sanctuary of the goddess Cybele. This new version of Tifinagh has been called Neo-Tifinagh, but its use remains limited to logos. Nedjma Abdelfettah Lalmi, « Du mythe de l'isolat kabyle », Cahiers d'études africaines, no 175, 2004; Rabah Kahlouche, « Les déterminations socio-historiques de l'emprunt du kabyle (berbère) à l'arabe », dans Kamal Naït-Zerrad (dir.) The Kabyle have been fierce activists in promoting the cause of Berber (Amazigh) identity. (geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. The entire wiki with photo and video galleries for each article. Indeed, many actors who contributed to independence wanted a share of power but the ALN (National Liberation Army) directed by Houari Boumédiène, joined by Ahmed Ben Bella, had the upper hand because of their military forces. They represent the largest Berber-speaking population of Algeria and the second largest in North Africa. Such leaders as Lalla Fatma n Soumer continued the resistance as late as Mokrani's rebellion in 1871. In the middle of the 20th century, with the influence and funding by the Kabyle diaspora, many industries were developed in this region. In 1980, protesters mounted several months of demonstrations in Kabylie demanding the recognition of Berber as an official language; this period has been called the Berber Spring. [citation needed]. Le kabyle (autonyme : taqbaylit, tifinagh : ⵜⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ) est une langue berbère du Nord parlée en Kabylie (région du nord de l'Algérie) et également au sein de l'importante diaspora kabyle, en Algérie et dans d'autres pays (notamment la France et la Belgique). London: John Murray. [28] Over time, immigrant workers also began to go to France. The geography of the Kabyle region played an important role in the people's history. WikiVisually the entire wiki with photos and video WikiVisually People Places History Art Science the entire wiki with photos and video History top … et al., Articles de linguistique berbère : Mémorial Werner Vycich, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2002, 490 p Algerian provinces with significant Kabyle-speaking populations include Tizi Ouzou, Béjaïa and Bouira, where they are a majority, as well as Boumerdes, Setif, Bordj Bou Arreridj, and Jijel. Algiers also has a significant Kabyle population, where they make up more than half of the capital's population. The Zirid Dynasty was a family of Sanhadja Berbers with origins in the Kabyle mountains. As second and third languages, many people speak Algerian Arabic, French and, to a lesser degree, English. Catholics of Kabyle background generally live in France. These two Kabyle Kingdoms managed to maintain their independence and participated in notable battles alongside the Regency of Algiers, such as the campaign of Tlemcen and the conquest of Fez. [29] This party grouped opponents of the regime then in place, and a few days after its proclamation, Ben Bella sent the army into Kabylie to repress the insurrection. To install click the Add extension button. The territory of the city and the surrounding area was proclaimed a territory of national importance in 1965 and converted to an archaeological reserve. The Thracian city of Kabyle occurred about II century BC. It is the basis for the modern Berber Latin alphabet. In its existence the town was the residence of the Kings Spartakos and Skostok. In late 4th century Cabyle was seized by the Goths. The Hammadids came to power after declaring their independence from the Zirids. [First attested in the late 17th century.] The Meta-Wiki language committee, consisting of 16 members, is in charge of managing the policies on creating a new Wikimedia project edition, processing requests, as well as "sup It was established around 2000 BC on the Zaychi Vrah Heights. Dès l’indépendance de ce pays en 1962, la Kabylie devient le milieu le plus favorable à la revendication identitaire berbère qui fait référence à un système de valeur ancestrale (code d’honneur), à … Wikipedia began as a related project for Nupedia.Nupedia was a free online English-language encyclopedia project. The French gradually and totally conquered the region and set up a direct administration. The town is noted by numerous ancient authors including Demosthenes,[4] Polybius,[5] Strabo,[6] Pliny the Elder,[7] and Stephanus of Byzantium.[8]. En l'an -341 Philippe de Macédoine conquit la ville et plus tard elle fut incluse dans les limites de l'empire d'Alexandre de Macédoine. The point ( 3 , 2 ) {\displaystyle (3,2)} has 3 as its abscissaand 2 as its ordi… Cabyle or Kabyle (Ancient Greek: Καβύλη), also known as Calybe or Kalybe (Καλύβη), is a town in the interior of ancient Thrace, west of Develtus, on the river Tonsus. During the Middle Ages there was a small settlement located in the territory of the ancient city. DIASPORA (Tamurt) - Désormais, à l’étranger, plus particulièrement en France, les kabyles ne sont pas considérés Algériens, au point que certains étrangers pensent que la Kabylie est un pays déjà libre. [19][20] The Kutama Berbers conquered the whole of North Africa in addition to some important territories in the Middle East, resulting in an empire larger than four to million square kilometres. They developed militants who became vital to the fighting for an independent Algeria. This became widespread after World War II. Kabyles have always been more politically active and hostile to the Arabic-speaking central government policies of Berber exclusion, humiliation, and neglect (hogra) than the … La Bulgarie est un pays du sud-est de l'Europe, au nord de la Grèce et de la Turquie, et au sud de la Roumanie. As of October 2015, it is the 36th largest edition. Sur le site Mapcarta, la carte ouverte. The town was a major trade and military center between the 3rd and the 2nd centuries BC. Many of the findings are housed in the onsite museum which also includes an exhibition tracking the excavation history of the site. Map of Bulgaria with the position of the ancient (respectively modern) settlement of Kabyle is presented in Figure 1. Les Kabyles algériens peuplent les montagnes du Djurdjura, des Bibans et des Babors, ainsi que le littoral de ces régions. The main people of the company were Jimmy Wales, the guy in charge of Bomis, and Larry Sanger, the editor-in-chief for Nupedia. On 24 May 2010, it became the 32nd largest Wikipedia by size and it passed the "100,000" articles threshold. Due to French colonization, many Kabyle emigrated to other areas inside and outside Algeria. Le site d'information des Kabyles dans le monde, le direct de Kabylie, Algérie, Afrique du Nord. To get there you can walk up the steep path to the top. The Meitei Wikipedia (also Manipuri Wikipedia, Meetei Wikipedia, Meitei: ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ) is the Meitei language edition of Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia. In 341 BC Cabyle was conquered by the army of Philip II of Macedon and was later included in the Empire of Alexander of Macedon. Langue slave parlée en Bulgarie.. Apprendre le bulgare. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}42°33′02″N 26°29′03″E / 42.550556°N 26.484167°E / 42.550556; 26.484167, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2d50.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabyle&oldid=1014903909, Buildings and structures in Yambol Province, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRG without Wikisource reference, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with failed verification from February 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the DGRG, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 29 March 2021, at 18:01. They managed to conquer land in all of the Maghreb region, capturing and possessing significant territories such as: Algiers, Bougie, Tripoli, Sfax, Susa, Fez, Ouargla and Sijilmasa. In 1965 Aït Ahmed was sentenced to death, but later pardoned by Ben Bella. The Kabyle people speak Kabyle, a Berber language. During the first centuries of their history, Kabyles used the Tifinagh writing system. That's it. Dérivé de l’arabe « Qabail » qui signifie « tribu », le terme « Kabyle » est créé par les colons français pour désigner les populations des régions montagneuses d’Algérie. At the same time, organized activism produced the Arouch, and neo-traditional local councils. French officials confiscated much land from the more recalcitrant tribes and granted it to colonists, who became known as pieds-noirs During this period, the French carried out many arrests and deported resisters, mainly to New Caledonia in the South Pacific. Région de Stara Zagora. They were able to preserve their cultural heritage in such isolation from other cultural influences. bulgare \byl.ɡaʁ\ masculin au singulier uniquement. The Kabyle were relatively independent of outside control during the period of Ottoman Empire rule in North Africa. Recently, the Protestant community has had significant growth, particularly among Evangelical denominations. During successive rule of the Romans, Byzantines, Vandals, Carthaginians and Ottomans the Kabyle people were among the few peoples in North Africa who maintained their independence. [citation needed], In 1963 the FFS party of Hocine Aït Ahmed contested the authority of the FLN, which had promoted itself as the only party in the nation. Cabyle was one of the most important cities of Thrace following the reforms of Emperor Diocletian in 4th century AD. [33], The Regency of Algiers, under Ottoman influence, tried to have indirect influence over the people (makhzen tribes of Amraoua, and marabout).[34]. Cabyle or Kabyle (Ancient Greek: Καβύλη), also known as Calybe or Kalybe (Καλύβη), is a town in the interior of ancient Thrace, west of Develtus, on the river Tonsus. The protests gradually decreased after the Kabyle won some concessions from President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Histoire, informations, photos et hôtels. Romans and Byzantines controlled the main road and valley during the period of antiquity and avoided the mountains (Mont ferratus). Kabyle was destroyed by the Avars attacks in the 6th century AD to resurrect as a small village back in the Middle Ages. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. [30] In the beginning, the FFS wanted to negotiate with the government but since no agreement was reached, the maquis took up arms and swore not to give them up as long as democratic principles and justice were[clarification needed] a part of the system. In 71 BC it became part of the Roman Republic after the city was conquered by the troops of Marcus Lucullus and after 45 BC it was included in the Roman province of Thracia. The Fatimid Caliphate was created by the Kutama Berbers after they had conquered Ifriqiya. In the early 16th century Sultan Abdelaziz of the Beni Abbes managed to defeat the Ottomans several times, notably in the First Battle of Kalaa of the Beni Abbes. Le Tamazight est la langue officielle de ce groupe ethnique. Selon la constitution bulgare, un Bulgare est un citoyen de la Bulgarie quelle que soit son origine, sa langue et sa culture. Femmes Bulgarie sur Spreadshirt Designs originaux Échange sous 30 jours Commander maintenant en ligne des Femmes Bulgarie!. On 6 January 2016, Tamazight was officially recognized in Algeria's constitution as a language equal to Arabic.[31]. Taken by Rome in 72 bce, Kabyle became a city in the Roman province of Thrace, governing the… The town later bore the names of Diospolis (Διὸς Πόλις),[1] and Goloë (Γολόη).[2]. It was finally destroyed by the Avars and never settled again. Dans les années 1970, l’Académie berbère présenta un drapeau créé par Youcef Medkour. The area of the reserve is around 65 km2. Even after the Arab conquest of North Africa, the Kabyle people still maintained possession of their mountains. The Bulgarian Wikipedia (Bulgarian: Българоезична Уикипедия) is the Bulgarian language edition of Wikipedia. Nupedia's articles were written and owned by Bomis, Inc which was a web portal company. They lived primarily in three different kingdoms: the Kingdom of Kuku, the Kingdom of Ait Abbas, and the principality of Aït Jubar. Under the name of Diospolis in Thracia,[failed verification] it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.[10]. It is situated on a plateau, near Tunja river. ... Bulgarian… Since the Berber Spring of 1980, they have been at the forefront of the fight for the official recognition of Berber languages in Algeria. (1854–1857). Cette prétendue origine des Kabyles, uniquement déduite de la couleur des cheveux et de celle des yeux, est d'autant moins admissible que, comme nous le verrons plus loin, il y avait en Afrique des hommes blonds aux yeux bleus bien avant la venue des Vandales. In July 1962, the FLN (National Liberation Front) was split rather than united. They also had suzerainty over the island of Sicily through the Kalbite emirs and later assassinated the ruler and took over the island. [23][24][25] South of Tunisia, they also possessed a number of oases that were the termini of trans-Saharan trade routes.[26]. In 1994–1995, the Kabyle conducted a school boycott, termed the "strike of the school bag". The Kabyle people (Kabyle: Izwawen or Iqbayliyen or Leqbayel, iqβæjlijən, in Tifinagh: ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵡⵏ[3]) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across the Atlas Mountains, one hundred miles east of Algiers. In the 1920s, Algerian immigrant workers in France organized the first party promoting Algerians independence. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. Tizi Ouzou is the symbolic capital of Kabyle resistance and the historical center of Berberism in North Africa. For historical and economic reasons, many Kabyles have emigrated to France, both for work and to escape political persecution. Kabyle literature has continued to be written in the Latin script. They now number around 1 million people. Selon un recensement en 2011, seulement 77 % des citoyens bulgares se considèrent, eux-mêmes, comme B… In Yambol …town are the ruins of Kabyle (or Cabyle), which originated as a Bronze Age settlement in the 2nd millennium bce and was conquered by the Macedonians under Philip II in 342–341 bce. Since the beginning of the 19th century, and under French influence, Kabyle intellectuals began to use the Latin script. The region was repeatedly occupied by various conquerors. Kabyle grammar. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. Introduction 1 The remains of the ancient town of Kabyle are situated on the eastern edge of the Zaychi vrah hill, near the big elbow of Tundzha River, ancient Tonzos River.